Publications

Journal Articles (Peer-reviewed)

  • Taishi Nakai, Akira Sakurai, Shiori Hironaka, Kazuyuki Shudo. “A Formulation of the Trilemma in Proof of Work Blockchain”, IEEE Access, 2024.

Refereed Proceedings

  • Yuito Udea, Akira Sakurai, Taishi Nakai, Kazuyuki Shudo. “Incentive Incompatibility of High Bandwidth Mode in Bitcoin’s Compact Block Relay”, short paper, IEEE ICBC2026 (International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency), Jun. 2026.
    • accepted for publication
  • Taishi Nakai, Akira Sakurai, Kazuyuki Shudo. “The More Halving Advances, the More Rational Double Spending Attack is”, IEEE ICCE 2025, Jan. 2025.
  • Shinnosuke Masuda, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Taishi Nakai, Akira Sakurai, Kazuyuki Shudo. “High-Bandwidth Node Selection in Compact Block Relay”, IEEE GreenCom 2024, 2024.
  • Taishi Nakai, Kazuyuki Shudo, “Impacts on Fork Rate of Changes of Block Size and Block Generation Time for Blockchain Scalability”, IEEE ICCE 2024, Jan. 2024.
  • Taishi Nakai, Akira Sakurai, Shiori Hironaka, Kazuyuki Shudo. “Blockchain Trilemma Described by a Formula”, IEEE Blockchain 2023, Dec. 2023.
    • 35 accepted out of 110 submissions

Non-refereed Papers

See the Japanese list of non-refereed papers: Japanese list

Talks (Non-refereed)

  • Taishi Nakai, “The Blockchain Trilemma Described by a Formula”, to members of the Ethereum Foundation including Vitalik Buterin, Aug. 2023.
  • Taishi Nakai, “Towards Mathematical Formulation of the Blockchain Trilemma”, BCK 2023, Jan. 2023.

Invited Talks (Non-refereed)

  • Taishi Nakai, “Mathematical Formulation of the Blockchain Trilemma and Its Impact”, The University of Tokyo — Research Association for Distributed Ledger and Its Applications, Dec. 2024.
  • Taishi Nakai, “Mathematical Description of the Blockchain Trilemma”, Namera Conference #3, Jan. 2024.

Posters (Non-refereed)

  • Taishi Nakai, “Is Your ‘Decentralization’ Measure Really Correct? — A Statistical Evaluation Framework for Decentralization Indices in PoW Blockchains”, SCIS 2026, Jan. 2026.
  • Taishi Nakai, “High decentralization does not necessarily improve 51% attack resistance”, ICT Innovation 2025, Feb. 2025.
  • Taishi Nakai, “The Blockchain Trilemma Described by a Formula”, ICT Innovation 2024, Feb. 2024.